Preamble:

        At the XVIIIeme century, parallel to the musical life of the court and with the aristocratic living rooms, a new musical life in the middle-class develops, social class which enjoys a considerable economic prosperity then. In spite of the presence of the plusgrands composers like Haendel in England and Bach in Germany, which give prestige to the music of court. Monarchical art will know its decline as from 1750. 

        The middle-class public, at that time, is informed much less and does not have musical culture comparable with that of the public aristocrat. He often expresses a rather poor taste, and supports the “competitions” of virtuosos in all kinds.

        The birth of musical criticism will be an event of first importance for the musical life. The music will be recognized like an art, having 
its eigenvalue, aesthetic and cultural.

        Six large musicians, Branch and Gluck in France, Haendel and Bach in Germany, Haydn and Mozart in Austria, will synthesize the art of this period known as “Traditional”.

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  Rameau

        In 1745 he becomes composer of the chamber music of the King. Up to 50 years he affirms his instrumental control and makes known himself as theorist.
He writes many works laying down the rules of the modern harmony, of which concepts of agreement, of rate of modulation.
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     Gluck

        He travels much for the time, goes to Italy, to England, in Vienna where he is named Choirmaster.

        With the Calzabigi librettist it composes “Orphée and Eurydice” in 1762 then Alceste in 1767.
He writes in a a whole hundred operas, reforming the kind while returning to simplicity, with the naturalness.

He brings an interest very particular to the choice of the booklets. It is revolving in the history of Article One gives up a little mythology, to be interested more closely in the human feelings, the love, fidelity.

        Painting does not escape the rule and Fragonard illustrates this drift very well towards the love in its table “the Bolt”, which immortalise last moment before the act itself. 

The German composers, Buxtehude (1637-1707), Pachelbel (1653-1706), as well as the uncles of J-S Bach, are directed much towards the sacred music, with a rigour and an austere and imposing construction, which characterizes the Germanic spirit.
Bach and Haendel are born the same year in 1685.
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        Austria, by its geographical position, is a crossing point. The intellectual and artistic currents convergent and its two better musicians, Haydn and Mozart, will synthesize the Germanic austerity with the charm and the Italian brilliance expensive in Viennois.
      
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HAYDN joseph

        Composition the morning, repetition after midday, it directs the concert the evening.
At that time the musicians were regarded as the servants, and had the same statute. To died of the prince it goes to England and goes back there in 1794. Then it returns to Vienna where it has Beethoven for pupil. He dies in this city in 1809.

            Little attracted by the opera (as Beethoven) Haydn will compose 26 Masses, 2 Requiems, 3 Oratorios of importance, “the seven words of Christ” in 1785, “Creation” in 1798, “the Seasons” in 1801.
Made Haydn of the symphony and the string quartet, two great forms of the instrumental music.

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  Mozart

       Child prodigy Mozart is born in Salzburg in 1756. He receives with his Nanerl sister the lessons of his father Léopold (1719-1787) violonist, composer and especially good pedagogue.

        In 1762 the father and the two children undertake a round which will last three years.

        It is here in my humble opinion one of the causes of the precocity and the genius of W-A Mozart; indeed Mozart thanks to his father will travel in his youth more than any other composer before him. (Munich, Vienna, Brussels, Paris, London, Amsterdam, Zurich)

        Then from 1769 to 1771 it goes to Italy, in 1775 Munich again. In 1777 it goes to Mannheim, then in 1778 in Paris with his mother whom it loses in this city.

      In 1781 it is fixed at Vienna, attends Haydn and Marie with Constance Weber in 1782.

        It is initially adulated by the Vienneses, then it undergoes failures, must overcome cabals carried out against him. Little by little the public is diverted of him, and very affected Mozart by the death of his father in 1787, exhausted by work, ruined, dies on December 5, 1791.  

.Symphonie n°40 de Mozart Uniquement sur le Cd-Rom du site

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            The work of Mozart is considerable and remains, in its almost totality, known and appreciated still nowadays by the general public. Of an easy access, it is let listen with pleasure and without effort, but it is necessary to be impregnated with its style, to penetrate its life to appreciate all the depth of it.

        He wrote 41 symphonies whose last announce Beethoven, 27 concertos for piano, whose 20me which was preferred of Beethoven and for which this last composed rates.
Mozart also composed 5 concertos for violin, 6 operas of a kind new and engaged, the marriages of Figaro treat class struggle, Cosi fan Tutte approaches the delicate subject of fidelity between husband, and finally his masterpiece, the Magic Flute, is an opera maconnic. 

        One indexed in all more than 600 works.
A friend to which I said one day that Beethoven was the largest musician of all times, she answered me: 

“Yes, but Mozart is only ! ”
 

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